Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis2(ADJECTIVE CLAUSE)

Ø    THEORIES OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Adjective clauses can be reduced to adjective phrases under certain grammatical conditions.  In the examples below, you will see a noun modified by an adjective clause and then an example of the same noun modified by the shorter adjective phrase.  The red dots indicate that the main clause is incomplete as you are focusing only on clause-to-phrase reduction in these examples.  For such reductions to occur, the relative pronoun must be a subject pronoun in all cases.

Grammatical Condition	Clause	Phrase
Verb in adjective clause is an active verb	People who live in large cities...	people living in large cities...
Verb in adjective clause is progressive	Students who are studying at urban campuses...	Students studying at urban campuses...
Verb in adjective clause is passive	Children who are born with congenital heart disease...	Children born with congenital heart disease... (the preferred style)
Adj. clause has the verb be + adjective + infinitive complement	Children who are most likely to recover from serious illness...	Children most likely to recover from serious illness...
Adj. clause has another name for the modified noun (an appositive)	Dr. Francisco Ramirez, who is chief pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital,...	Dr. Francisco Ramirez, chief pediatric surgeon at Children's Hospital,... the appositive phrase is preferred style and is non-restrictive.

relative pronoun use who subject or object pronoun for people which subject or object pronoun for animals and things which referring to a whole sentence whose possession for people animals and things whom object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who) that subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)

relative pronoun	use
who	subject or object pronoun for people
which	subject or object pronoun for animals and things
which	referring to a whole sentence
whose	possession for people animals and things
whom	object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
that	subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)

Ø    EXAMPLES OF ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

·                     Students who are intelligent understand adjectives.

(The adjective clause is underlined. It is an "adjective" clause because it describes the noun "students.")

·                     I love sentences which extol the virtues of English teachers.

(The adjective clause is underlined. It modifies the object "sentences.")

·                     Students whom I admire want to become English teachers.

(The adjective clause is underlined and modifies the subject "students.")

·                     My English teacher, who wears old fashioned ties, is laughed at by the      students.

(The adjective clause is underlined. It doesn’t identify the English teacher; it just provides a gossipy sort of detail about him. Set these off with commas.)

·                     My English book, which is a monument of boredom, is used mainly as a door stop.

(The adjective clause is underlined. It doesn’t identify the English book, it justprovides a gossipy, editorial comment about it. Set this clause off with a comma.)

Ø  ARTICLE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The Symptoms and Causes of Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer that occurs in the thin tissue that lines most of the internal organs (mesothelium). The doctor divides mesothelioma into several types based on which part of this cancer occurs.

• Pleural malignant mesothelioma, which occurs in the tissue lining around the lungs and is the most common type.
• Peritoneal mesothelioma, occurring in tissues that line the stomach.
• Pericardial mesothelioma, occurring in the tissue lining around the heart.
• Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis, occurs in the lining around the testicles

The symptoms of Mesothelioma

Signs and the symptoms of mesothelioma varies based on where the cancer occurs.

Pleural mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include:
• Shortness of breath
• Pain when breathing
• Pain when coughing
• Pain in the lower rib
• an unusual lump in the chest under the skin layer
• Lost weight suddenly
• Dry cough

Peritoneal mesothelioma, signs and symptoms include:
• Pain in abdomen
• Swelling in the abdomen
• Changes in bowel movements, such as more frequent diarrhea or constipation
• Lump in the tissues in the abdominal area
• Lost weight suddenly

Other forms of mesothelioma
Signs and the symptoms pericardial mesothelioma and tunica vaginalis are unclear. On health , there is no complete information about this. Pericardial mesothelioma have signs and symptoms that may include difficulty breathing or chest pain. While mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis can be detected first by the enlargement of the testicles.

The Causes of Mesothelioma

In general, cancer occurs when cell DNA mutation. This mutation makes the cells continued to grow and flourish while others have normal cell cycles of life and death. Accumulation of cancer cells can form a malignant tumor.

It is unclear what causes the initial genetic mutations that lead to mesothelioma although scientists identify factors that may increase the risk. Cancer may result from a combination of several factors, such as heredity, environment, health condition and lifestyle.

Benign pleural mesothelioma
Benign tumors that form in the chest sometimes called benign mesothelioma. But the term is misleading. Benign mesothelioma is not started on the same cell where the cancer is formed. And in some cases kacil, benign mesothelioma can be very aggressive. For this reason, some doctors now prefer to call this tumor as a solitary fibrous tumor.

Solitary fibrous tumors usually do not cause signs and the symptoms. It is unclear what caused the solitary fibrous tumor, but tumors are associated with asbestos contamination pollutants. Treatment for solitary fibrous tumors usually includes surgery procedures.

Ø  DO THESE EXERCISE

·                      I talked to the woman, she was sitting next to me.(who)

·                      I have a class, it begins at 8.00 AM.(which)

·                      The man called the police. His car was stolen.(whose)

·                      The building is very old. He lives there.(where)

·                      The woman was Mrs Silvy. I saw her.(whom)

answer :

·                      I talked to the woman who was sitting next to me.

·                      I have a class which begins at 8.00 AM.

·                      The man whose car was stolen called the police

·                      The building where he lives is very old.

·                      The woman whom i saw was Mrs Silvy.

Sumber:

http://pitt.edu/~atteberr/comp/0150/grammar/adjclauses.html

http://www.eslstation.net/ESL310L/adjective_phrases.htm

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